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ADHD Treatment Medication Stimulants are among the most frequently prescribed drugs for ADHD, and appear to increase and regulate levels of brain chemicals. However, they don't cure the condition and can only aid in managing symptoms so long as they are taken regularly. The adverse effects of ADHD medication may include changes in blood pressure and heart rate, upset stomach as well as anxiety and tics. Children and teens who take stimulant drugs notice a slight reduction in their growth rate. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a central nervous stimulant is the most well-known drug used to treat ADHD. It is available in various forms, such as a liquid chewable tablet as well as an oral disintegrating tablet, which acts long and has an extended release. The drug increases the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, which helps to enhance concentration. It may also reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression. Methylphenidate is an effective treatment for ADHD in conjunction with other treatments, like behavioural therapy. Methylphenidate blocks the transporters that normally remove these neurotransmitters from the brain. The drug may cause a slight increase in blood pressure and heart rate. People with diabetes should also be aware of this medication because it can cause a rapid rise in blood sugar. If you encounter any of these side effects, talk to your physician. Methylphenidate can also trigger Raynaud's phenomenon, which causes numbness of the fingers and feet. It is a rare but serious side result. It is important to notify your doctor if any of these symptoms develop. There are some who believe that methylphenidate could slow the growth of children. However, this has not been proved. If your child is taking methylphenidate ensure that you be attentive to their weight and height. If your child is on a methylphenidate chewable tablet that contains phenylalanine which is a risk for children who have the genetic disorder phenylketonuria (PKU). Consult your physician about a different formulation of methylphenidate in case you suffer from PKU. Certain people have issues with stimulants which are the most popular option for treating ADHD. In these cases doctors may prescribe another medication that performs similarly. There are other stimulants, such as dexamfetamine or lisdexamfetamine in addition to methylphenidate. These drugs are a little stronger than methylphenidate and can last longer. They are usually taken two to three times per day however some people may take them more frequently. There are also psychological treatments for ADHD however they are less effective than stimulants. Atomoxetine Atomoxetine is also known as the brand name Strattera, is a non-stimulant ADHD medication that boosts concentration and reduces hyperactivity as well as impulsiveness. It is part of a class called selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. It is a drug that increases levels of norepinephrine and dopamine two chemical messengers that control the brain's activity. It is a favorite among adults and children who seek an alternative to stimulants such as Adderall or Vyvanse. It is important to realize that atomoxetine isn't a drug that works instantly. It may take up to 6 weeks before the effects of this medication are evident. You may also experience side effects such as nausea and drowsiness. For most patients the benefits of taking atomoxetine are greater than any risk. In a double-blind placebo-controlled study that was conducted on 297 ADHD patients between the ages of 12 and 18, the effectiveness of atomoxetine is confirmed. Participants were randomly assigned to receive atomoxetine in a daily dose of 0.6 mg/kg or 1.2 mg/kg or a placebo for a period of 9 weeks. Both the atomoxetine group and the placebo group experienced reduction in depression symptoms. The atomoxetine group saw more improvements in ADHD symptoms than the placebo group. However the improvement was not as dramatic (Michelson et al 2001). In another open trial, 10 patients suffering from ADHD who were unable to respond to stimulants were treated with atomoxetine for 8 weeks. The atomoxetine treatment group showed improvement in ADHD symptoms when compared to placebo with scores on the Conners Adult ADHD Scale Investigator Version of the screening and Clinical Global Impression of Severity scales improving significantly. However, one patient developed an rash and resigned from the study. In adhd medication uk , three patients experienced gastrointestinal issues that were transient and one patient reported fatigue that was more severe (Kratochvil and colleagues, 2005). Before beginning treatment with atomoxetine to your doctor about your medical history as well as any other supplements or medications that you are taking. This includes herbal remedies and other over-the-counter medicines. It is especially important to inform your doctor if you have narrow-angle glaucoma, thyroid tumor or adrenal gland tumor and high blood pressure heart disease, or an unusually sudden death. You should also avoid atomoxetine if you have taken an MAO inhibitor such as isocarboxazid linezolid, methylene blue injection, rasagiline, phenelzine, or tranylcypromine within the last 14 days. Bupropion Bupropion is a non-stimulant drug that can aid in reducing symptoms of ADHD. It can also reduce impulsivity and improve focus, though it doesn't affect the brain in the same way as stimulants. Only prescriptions are accepted. Your doctor will decide on the most effective dosage for you. Bupropion is available in tablets and extended-release capsules. It is important to follow the prescriptions. You may experience withdrawal symptoms in the event that you stop abruptly. The usual dosage is two or three doses daily separated by four to six hours. The dosage can range from 100mg two or three times a day to 150mg three or four time every day. The drug is in the digestive system, and excreted through urine. It isn't able to penetrate breast milk. It can, however, get into the bloodstream and cause harm to other organs. Bupropion increases blood pressure. It is important to monitor it frequently. Bupropion, in addition to improving ADHD symptoms and reducing depression, also helps to reduce the symptoms of ADHD. It can also be used to treat bipolar disorder. It works by blocking the dopamine receptors that are located in your brain. This blocks the neurotransmitter dopamine, from reaching your brain. This helps stabilize your mood. Bupropion may interact with other drugs So it's crucial to inform your doctor of any other medications you're taking. It's also important to know whether you are allergic to. It is also important to avoid caffeine and other stimulants, as they could make the adverse effects worse. In several studies the bupropion drug was compared with placebos for adults suffering from ADHD. These studies had mixed results, and a lot were not conducted properly. Furthermore, many of them did not include participants with psychiatric disorders. However, the research suggests that bupropion can have a slight effect on ADHD. However there is a need for more research to identify positive outcomes for patients such as improvement in quality of life. Before effective treatments can be developed it is crucial to gain a better understanding of the molecular causes of ADHD. This is a greater understanding of the relationship between the various molecular pathways. It's also important to understand how anti-ADHD drugs function in conjunction with psychotherapy. Tricyclic antidepressants Antidepressants may be prescribed by doctors if stimulants prescribed for children with ADHD are not effective or cause adverse side adverse effects. These medications, including imipramine and nortriptyline (Aventyl, Pamelor), work by increasing the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain to aid in concentration. These are older drugs which can cause serious adverse effects, so they're usually only used when other drugs have failed. The first choice of antidepressants for depression is typically a selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) like fluoxetine sertraline, citalopram or escitalopram. Tricyclic antidepressants are still used in certain cases despite their long history. These medications are also effective in treating neuropathic pain and have a second pain-relieving action that is distinct from their antidepressant activity. They enhance the noradrenephrine receptor through blocking its reuptake, and they also function as descending modulators for pain pathways in the spinal cord. SSRIs have a lower risk of toxicity and less serious side effects than the tricyclic antidepressants. They are also less harmful during pregnancy and do not appear to be teratogenic for animals or humans. However, they can cause significant withdrawal symptoms if abruptly stopped. Your doctor might suggest gradually lowering the dose over several weeks to minimize these effects. Bupropion, a popular antidepressant that is used off-label to treat ADHD, is not FDA approved as a treatment for adhd. It is believed to be effective by increasing neurotransmitters like norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain, which increases concentration. It is also believed to relieve stress and anxiety. It can be combined with stimulants to achieve quicker and lasting results. There are add adhd medication -approved nonstimulant ADHD medications, but many people have found relief through herbal remedies and supplements to their diets. A diet that is low in sugar and fat can also help to reduce ADHD symptoms. Some people may benefit by staying clear of caffeine. Tell your doctor all medicines you or your child are taking as well as herbal remedies and over-the-counter medicines. This will avoid interactions and reduce unwanted adverse effects. ADHD medications can affect people differently. It could take a bit of trial and error before you discover the ideal dosage and drug for your child or you.